Arginine

Hinckley KA, Fearn S, Howard BR, Henderson IW. Nitric oxide donors as a treatment for grass induced acute laminitis in ponies. Equine Vet J. 1996 Jan;28(1):17-28.

Bryk J, Ochoa JB, Correia MI, et al. Effect of citrulline and glutamine on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells in an arginine-depleted environment. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008 Jul-Aug;32(4):377-83.

Hayashi T, Juliet PA, Matsui-Hirai H, et al. l-Citrulline and l-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesteral-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 20;102(38):13681-6.

ASU

Kawcak CE, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, et al. Evaluation of avocado and soybean unsaponifiable extracts for treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2007 Jun;68(6):598-604.

Betaine

Warren LK, Lawrence LM, Thompson KN. The influence of betaine on untrained and trained horses exercising to fatigue. J Anim Sci. 1999 Mar:77(3):677-84.

Biotin

Zenker W, Josseck H, Geyer H. Histological and physical assessment of poor hoof horn quality in Lipizzaner horses and a therapeutic trial with biotin and a placebo. Equine Vet J. 1995 May;27(3):183-91.

Josseck H, Zenker W, Geyer H. Hoof horn abnormalities in Lipizzaner horses and the effect of dietary biotin on macroscopic aspects of hoof horn quality. Equine Vet J. 1995 May;27(3):175-82.

Geyer H, Schulze J. The long-term influence of biotin supplementation on hoof horn quality in horses. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 1994;136(4):137-49.

Buffa EA, Van Den Berg SS, Verstraete FJ, Swart NG. Effect of dietary biotin supplement on equine hoof horn growth rate and hardness. Equine Vet J. 1992 Nov;24(6):472-4.

Comben N, Clark RJ, Sutherland DJ. Clinical observations on the response of equine hoof defects to dietary supplementation with biotin. Vet Rec. 1984 Dec 22-20;115(25-26):642-5.

Chondroitin Sulfate

Eddington ND, Jianping D, White N. Evidence of the oral absorption of chondroitin sulfate as determined by total disaccharide content after oral and intravenous administration to horses. In Proceedings. 47th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:326-8.

Montgomery M. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the dietary supplement Actistatin on established glucosamine and chondroitin therapy in the horse. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2011;9(2):100-18.

Rodgers MR. Effects of oral glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates supplementation on frequency of intra-articular therapy of the horse tarsus. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2006;4(2):155-62.

Citrulline

Hayashi T, Juliet PA, Matsui-Hirai H, et al. l-Citrulline and l-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesteral-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 20;102(38):13681-6.

Bryk J, Ochoa JB, Correia MI, et al. Effect of citrulline and glutamine on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells in an arginine-depleted environment. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008 Jul-Aug;32(4):377-83.

Copper

Gee E, Davies M, Firth E, et al. Osteochondrosis and copper: histology of articular cartilage from foals out of copper supplemented and non-supplemented dams. Vet J. Jan;173(1):109-17.

DHA

Hall JA, Van Saun RJ, Tornquist SJ, et al. Effect of type of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement (corn oil or fish oil) on immune responses in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):880-6.

EPA

Hall JA, Van Saun RJ, Tornquist SJ, et al. Effect of type of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement (corn oil or fish oil) on immune responses in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):880-6.

Flax Seed

O’Neill W, McKee S, Clarke AF. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation associated with reduced skin test lesional area in horses with Culicoides hypersensitivity. Can J Vet Res. Oct 2002;66(4):272-7.

Glucosamine

Byron CR, Stewart MC, Stewart AA, Pondenis HC. Effects of clinically relevant concentrations of glucosamine on equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes in vitro. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Sep;69(9):1129-34.

Byron CR, Benson BM, Stewart AA, Pondenis HC. Effects of methylprednisolone acetate and glucosamine on proteoglycan production by equine chondrocytes in vitro. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Sep;69(9):1123-8.

Byron CR, Orth MW, Venta PJ, et al. Influence of glucosamine on matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine chondrocytes. Am J Vet Res. 2003 Jun;64(6):666-71.

Usha PR, Naidu MU. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis. Clin Drug Investig. 2004;24(6):353-63.

Tiku ML, Narla H, Jain M, Yalamanchili P. Glucosamine prevents in vitro collagen degradation in chondrocytes by inhibiting advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007;9(4):R76.

Rodgers MR. Effects of oral glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates supplementation on frequency of intra-articular therapy of the horse tarsus. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2006;4(2):155-62.

Montgomery M. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the dietary supplement Actistatin on established glucosamine and chondroitin therapy in the horse. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2011;9(2):100-18.

Glycine

Zhong Z, Wheeler MD, Li X, et al. L-glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent. Curr Opin Clin Nutri Metab Care. 2003 Mar;6(2):229-40.

Grape Seed Extract

Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of the pharmacological effects of Vitis vinifera (grape) and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res. 2009 Sep;23(9):1197-204.

Kelen M, Tepe B. Screening of antioxidative properties and total phenolig compounds of various extracts of three different seed of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from Turkish flora. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Feb 1;10(3):403-8.

Hyaluronic Acid

Bergin BJ, Pierce SW, Bramlage LR, Stromberg A. Oral hyaluronan gel reduces post operature tarsocrural effusion in the yearling Thoroughbred. Equine Vet J. 2006 Jul:38(4):375-8.

Iron

Brommer H, Slet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM. Iron deficiency in stabled Dutch warmblood foals. J Vet Intern med. 2001 Sep-Oct;15(5):482-5.

Mullaney TP, Brown CM. Iron toxicity in neonatal foals. Equine Vet J. 1988 Mar;20(2):119-24.

Inoue Y, Matsui A, Asai Y, et al. Effect of exercise on iron metabolism in horses. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2005 Oct;107(1):33-42.

Lecithin

Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Croci C, et al. Treatment of gastric ulceration in 10 standardbred racehorses with a pectin-lecithin complex. Vet Rec. 2003 May 31;152(22):679-81.

Venner M, Lauffs S, Deegan E. Treatment of gastric lesions in horses with pectin-lecithin complex. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Apr;(29):91-6.

Leucine

McKibbin LS, Cheng RSS. Systemic d-phenylalanine and d-leucine for effective treatment of pain in the horse. Can Vet J. Feb 1982;23(2):39-40.

Licorice

Aly AM, Al-Alousi L, Salem HA. Licorice: a possible anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer drug. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Sep 20;6(1):E74-82.

Shibata S. A drug over the millennia: pharmacognozy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2000 Oct;120(10):849-62.

Lysine

Graham-Thiers PM, Kronfeld, DS. Amino acid supplemention improves muscle mass in aged and young horses. J Anim Sci. 2005 Dec;83(12):2783-8.

Graham PM, Ott EA, Brendemuhl JH, TenBroeck SH. The effect of supplemental lysine and threonine on growth and development of yearling horses. J Anim Sci. 1994 Feb;72(2):380-6.

MSM

Maranon G, Munoz-escassi B, Manley W, et al. The effect of methyl sulphonyl methane supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in sport horses following jumping exercise. Acta Vet Scand. 2008 Nov 7;50:45.

Usha PR, Naidu MU. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis. Clin Drug Investig. 2004;24(6):353-63.

Barrager E, Veltmann JR Jr, Schauss Ag, Schiller RN. A multicentered, open-label trial on the safety and efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Apr;8(2):167-73.

N-acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Rotting AK, Freeman DE, Eurell JA, et al. Effects of acetylcysteine and migration of resident eosinophils in an in vitro model of mucosal injury and restitution in equine right dorsal colon. Am J Vet Res. 2003 Oct;64(10):1205-12.

Oat Beta Glucan

Estrada A, Yun CH, Van Kessel A, et al. Immunomodulatory activities of oat beta-glucan in vitro and in vivo. Microbiol Immunol.1997;41(12):991-8.

Octacosanol

Kim H, Parks S, Han DS, Park T. Octacosanol supplementation increases running endurance time and improves biochamical parameters after exhaustion in trained rats. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):345-51.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Manhart DR, Scott BD, Gibbs PG, et al. Markers of inflammation in arthritic horses fed omega-3 fatty acids. Prof AnimSci. 2009;25:155-60.

Artemis P. Simopoulos, MD. Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. 2002 Dec;21(6):495-505.

Neelley KA and Herthel DJ. Essential fatty acid supplementation as a preventative for carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis, in Proceedings. 43rd Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract 1997;43:367-9.

Pectin

Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Croci C, et al. Treatment of gastric ulceration in 10 standardbred racehorses with a pectin-lecithin complex. Vet Rec. 2003 May 31;152(22):679-81.

Venner M, Lauffs S, Deegan E. Treatment of gastric lesions in horses with pectin-lecithin complex. Equine Vet J Suppl. 1999 Apr;(29):91-6.

Prebiotics

Julliand V. Pre-and probiotics: potentials for equine practice. In Proceedings. 3rd European Equine Nutrition & Health Congress 2006.

Probiotics

Julliand V. Pre-and probiotics: potentials for equine practice. In Proceedings. 3rd European Equine Nutrition & Health Congress 2006.

Ribose

Kavazis AN, Sobota JS, Kivipelto J, et al. Ribose supplementation in maximally exercising Thoroughbreds. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2002 Sep;(34):191-6.

Kavazis AN, Kivipelto J, Choe HS, et al. Effects of ribose supplementation on selected metabolic measurements and performance in maximally exercising Thoroughbreds. J Anim Sci. 2004 Feb; 82(2):619-25.

Selenium

Richardson SM, Siciliano PD, Engle TE, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation and source on the selenium status of horses. J Anim Sci. 2006 Jul;84(7):1742-8.

Calamari L, Ferrari A, Bertin G. Effect of selenium source and dose on selenium status of mature horses. J Anim Sci. 2009 Jan;87(1):167-78.

Silica

O’Connor CI, Nielsen BD, Woodward AD, et al. Mineral balance in horses fed two supplemental silicon sources. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2008 Apr;92(2):173-81.

Lang KJ, Nielsen BD, Waite KL, et al. Increased plasma silicon concentrations and altered bone resorption in response to sodium zeolite a supplementation in yearling horses. J Eq Vet Sci. 2001 Nov;21(11):550-5.

Threonine

Graham-Thiers PM, Kronfeld, DS. Amino acid supplemention improves muscle mass in aged and young horses. J Anim Sci. 2005 Dec;83(12):2783-8.

Graham PM, Ott EA, Brendemuhl JH, TenBroeck SH. The effect of supplemental lysine and threonine on growth and development of yearling horses. J Anim Sci. 1994 Feb;72(2):380-6.

L-Tryptophan

Noble GK, Brockwell YM, Munn KJ, et al. Effects of a commercial dose of l-tryptophan on plasma tryptophan concentrations and behaviour in horses. Equine Vet J. 2008 Jan;40(1):51-6.

Vitamin C

Deaton CM, Marlin DJ, Smith NC, et al. Pulmonary bioavailability of ascorbic acid in an ascorbate-synthesising species, the horse. Free Radic Res. 2003 Apr:37(4):461-7.

Deaton CM, Marlin DJ, Smith NC, et al. Pulmonary epithelial lining and plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction. Am J Vet Res. 2004 Jan;65(1):80-7.

Kirschvink N, Fievez L, Bougnet V, et al. Effect of nutritional antioxidant supplementation on systemic and pulmonary antioxidant status, airway inflammation and lung function in heaves-affected horses. Equine Vet J. 2002 Nov;34(7):705-12.

Youssef MA, El-khodery SA, Ibrahim HM. Effect of selenium and vitamin C on clinical outcomes, trace element status, and antioxidant enzyme activity in horses with acute and chronic lower airway disease. A randomized clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 June;152(3):333-42.

Ralston SL, Nockels CF, Squires EL. Differences in diagnostic test results and hematologic data between aged and young horses. Am J Vet Res. 1988 Aug;49(8):1387-92.

Yeast

Jouany JP, Gobert J, Medina B, et al. Effect of a live yeast culture supplementation on apparent digestibility and rate of passage in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet. J Anim Sci. 2008 Feb;86(2):339-47.